Read Time: < 60 mins
Maps of military campaigns, both in practice and historical, have
never adequately depicted operational art. They have not shown how commanders of campaigns array
their forces and arrange tactical actions in time, space, and purpose. This article tells how
this shortcoming in campaign mapping came about, describes what proper historical campaign maps
should include, and provides new operational maps from the Gettysburg Campaign to demonstrate
how such maps can improve understanding and analysis
By Thomas Bruscino and Mitchell G. Klingenberg